ArithUtils (MorphAdorner)

java.lang.Object
- edu.northwestern.at.utils.math.ArithUtils

```
public class ArithUtils
extends java.lang.Object
```
Basic numeric operations not included in standard Java run-time library.
The binomial methods are modified from those in the Colt library.

The following methods for trigonometric functions come from the Sfun class written by Visual Numerics.
- acosh
- asinh
- atanh
- cot
- cosh
- sinh
- tanh
These methods are covered by the following license.
------------------------------------------------------------------------- $Id: Sfun.java,v 1.1.1.1 1999/03/05 21:43:39 brophy Exp $ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright (c) 1997 - 1998 by Visual Numerics, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software is freely granted by Visual Numerics, Inc., provided that the copyright notice above and the following warranty disclaimer are preserved in human readable form. Because this software is licensed free of charge, it is provided "AS IS", with NO WARRANTY. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, VNI DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. VNI WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, AND EXEMPLARY DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field and Description

static double EPSILON_LARGE
The largest relative spacing for doubles.

static double EPSILON_SMALL
The smallest relative spacing for doubles.

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`static double`	`EPSILON_LARGE` The largest relative spacing for doubles.
`static double`	`EPSILON_SMALL` The smallest relative spacing for doubles.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Modifier Constructor and Description

protected ArithUtils()

Constructors
Modifier	Constructor and Description
`protected`	`ArithUtils()`

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`static double`	`acosh(double x)` Return the inverse (arc) hyperbolic cosine of a double.
`static boolean`	`areEqual(double a, double b)` Check if two doubles are equal to machine precision.
`static boolean`	`areEqual(double a, double b, double tolerance)` Check if two doubles are equal to specified tolerance.
`static double`	`asinh(double x)` Return the inverse (arc) hyperbolic sine of a double.
`static double`	`atanh(double x)` Returns the inverse (arc) hyperbolic tangent of a double.
`static double`	`binomial(double n, long k)` Efficiently returns the binomial coefficient, often also referred to as "n over k" or "n choose k".
`static double`	`binomial(long n, long k)` Efficiently returns the binomial coefficient, often also referred to as "n over k" or "n choose k".
`static double`	`cosh(double x)` Return the hyperbolic cosine of a double.
`static double`	`cot(double x)` Return the contangent of a double.
`static double`	`expm1(double x)` Get exp( x ) - 1.
`static int`	`fuzzyCompare(double a, double b, double tolerance)` Perform fuzzy comparison of two doubles with specified tolerance.
`static double`	`hypot(double a, double b)` Safely calculate hypotenuse value.
`static boolean`	`isNegativeZero(double x)` Check if number is negative zero.
`static double`	`log10(double x)` Get log base 10 of a double.
`static double`	`log1p(double x)` Get log of a double + 1.
`static double`	`log2(double x)` Get log base 2 of a double.
`static double`	`logDiffLogs(double logX, double logY)` Get the log( exp( logX ) - exp( logY ) ).
`static double`	`logSumLogs(double logX, double logY)` Get the log( exp( logX ) + exp( logY ) ).
`static double`	`round(double x, int n)` Round double to specified number of decimal places.
`static double`	`safeLog(double x)` Return natural log of a double.
`static int`	`sign(double d)` Return sign of a double.
`static double`	`sign(double x, double y)` Return the value of a double with the sign of another double.
`static int`	`sign(int n)` Return sign of an integer.
`static double`	`sinh(double x)` Compute hyperbolic sine of a double.
`static double`	`tanh(double x)` Return the hyperbolic tangent of a double.
`static double`	`trunc(double x)` Return the integer portion of a double as a double.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - EPSILON_SMALL
```
public static final double EPSILON_SMALL
```
    The smallest relative spacing for doubles.
  - EPSILON_LARGE
```
public static final double EPSILON_LARGE
```
    The largest relative spacing for doubles.
- Constructor Detail
  - ArithUtils
```
protected ArithUtils()
```
- Method Detail
  - acosh
```
public static double acosh(double x)
```
    Return the inverse (arc) hyperbolic cosine of a double.
    
    Parameters:
    x - Double whose inverse hyperbolic cosine is desired.
    
    Returns:
    The inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.
    If x is NaN or less than one, the result is NaN.
    
    This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class.
  - areEqual
```
public static boolean areEqual(double a,
               double b)
```
    Check if two doubles are equal to machine precision.
    
    Parameters:
    a - First double.
    b - Second double.
    
    Returns:
    True if a and b are equal to machine precision.
  - areEqual
```
public static boolean areEqual(double a,
               double b,
               double tolerance)
```
    Check if two doubles are equal to specified tolerance.
    
    Parameters:
    a - First double.
    b - Second double.
    tolerance - Tolerance.
    
    Returns:
    True if a and b are equal to specified tolerance.
  - asinh
```
public static double asinh(double x)
```
    Return the inverse (arc) hyperbolic sine of a double.
    
    Parameters:
    x - The value whose inverse hyperbolic sine is desired.
    
    Returns:
    The inverse hyperbolic sine of x.
    If x is NaN, the result is NaN.
    
    This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class.
  - atanh
```
public static double atanh(double x)
```
    Returns the inverse (arc) hyperbolic tangent of a double.
    
    Parameters:
    x - The value whose inverse hyperbolic tangent is desired.
    
    Returns:
    The arc hyperbolic tangent of x.
    If x is NaN or |x|>1, the result is NaN.
    
    This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class.
  - binomial
```
public static double binomial(double n,
              long k)
```
    Efficiently returns the binomial coefficient, often also referred to as "n over k" or "n choose k".
    The binomial coefficient is defined as (n * n-1 * ... * n-k+1 ) / ( 1 * 2 * ... * k ).
    - k<0: 0.
    Returns: The binomial coefficient.
  binomial public static double binomial(long n, long k) Efficiently returns the binomial coefficient, often also referred to as "n over k" or "n choose k". The binomial coefficient is defined as k<0: 0. k==0 || k==n: 1. k==1 || k==n-1: n. else: (n * n-1 * ... * n-k+1 ) / ( 1 * 2 * ... * k ). Returns: The binomial coefficient. cosh public static double cosh(double x) Return the hyperbolic cosine of a double. Parameters: x - The value whose hyperbolic cosine is desired. Returns: The hyperbolic cosine of x. If x is NaN, the result is NaN. This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class. cot public static double cot(double x) Return the contangent of a double. Parameters: x - The number whose cotangent is desired. Returns: The cotangent. This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class. expm1 public static double expm1(double x) Get exp( x ) - 1. Parameters: x - The number for which to find exp( x ) - 1. Returns: exp( x ) - 1. Example: expm1( 9.995003330835334E-4 ) is 0.001 . Implements a method suggested by William Kahan. fuzzyCompare public static int fuzzyCompare(double a, double b, double tolerance) Perform fuzzy comparison of two doubles with specified tolerance. Parameters: a - First double. b - Second double. tolerance - Tolerance value. Returns: 1 if a > b. 0 if a ~= b. -1 if a < b. This is an implementation of an algorithm suggested by Donald E. Knuth in Section 4.2.2 of Seminumerical Algorithms (3rd edition). hypot public static double hypot(double a, double b) Safely calculate hypotenuse value. Parameters: a - One leg of triangle. b - Second leg of triangle. Returns: Hypotenuse value. The hypotenuse value is given mathematically as the sqrt( a^2 + b^2 ). The method implemented here reduces the chances of cancellation and roundoff error. If the |a| > |b|, we compute the hypotenuse as: hypotenuse = |a| * sqrt( 1 + (b/a) * (b/a) ) Otherwise b != 0 compute the hypotenuse as: hypotenuse = |b| * sqrt( 1 + (a/b) * (a/b) ) If b is zero, the hypotenuse is zero. isNegativeZero public static boolean isNegativeZero(double x) Check if number is negative zero. Parameters: x - The number to check. Returns: true if x is negative zero, false otherwise. log2 public static double log2(double x) Get log base 2 of a double. Parameters: x - The number whose log base 2 value is desired. Returns: The log base 2 of x. If x is <= 0, 0 is returned. Example: log2( 32 ) is 5.0D . log10 public static double log10(double x) Get log base 10 of a double. Parameters: x - The number whose log base 10 value is desired. Returns: The log base 10 of x. If x is <= 0, 0 is returned. Example: log10( 100.0D ) is 2.0D . log1p public static double log1p(double x) Get log of a double + 1. Parameters: x - The number for which we want log( x + 1 ). Returns: The log of ( x + 1 ). Example: log1p( 0.001D ) is 9.995003330835334E-4 Implements a method suggested by William Kahan. logSumLogs public static double logSumLogs(double logX, double logY) Get the log( exp( logX ) + exp( logY ) ). Parameters: logX - Log( x ) logY - Log( y ) Returns: log( x + y ) . logDiffLogs public static double logDiffLogs(double logX, double logY) Get the log( exp( logX ) - exp( logY ) ). Parameters: logX - Log( x ) logY - Log( y ) Returns: log( x - y ) . round public static double round(double x, int n) Round double to specified number of decimal places. Parameters: x - The double to round. n - The number of decimal places to round to. Returns: x rounded to n decimal places. safeLog public static double safeLog(double x) Return natural log of a double. Parameters: x - The number whose natural log is desired. Returns: The natural log of x. If x is zero, returns 0. sign public static int sign(int n) Return sign of an integer. Parameters: n - Number whose sign is desired. Returns: -1 if n < 0, 0 if n isn 0, 1 if n > 0. sign public static int sign(double d) Return sign of a double. Parameters: d - double whose sign is desired. Returns: -1 if d < 0, 0 if d is 0, 1 if d > 0. sign public static double sign(double x, double y) Return the value of a double with the sign of another double. Parameters: x - First double. y - Second double. Returns: x with the sign of y. sinh public static double sinh(double x) Compute hyperbolic sine of a double. Parameters: x - The number whose hyperbolic sine is desired. Returns: The hyperbolic sine of x. This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class. trunc public static double trunc(double x) Return the integer portion of a double as a double. Parameters: x - The double whose integer portion is to be found. Returns: The integer portion of x. Example: trunc( 30.12345D ) is 30.0D . tanh public static double tanh(double x) Return the hyperbolic tangent of a double. Parameters: x - The value whose hyperbolic tangent is desired. Returns: The hyperbolic tangent of x. This method is a modified version of the one in the Visual Numerics Sfun class.

Class ArithUtils

Field Summary

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

EPSILON_SMALL

EPSILON_LARGE

Constructor Detail

ArithUtils

Method Detail

acosh

areEqual

areEqual

asinh

atanh

binomial

binomial

cosh

cot

expm1

fuzzyCompare

hypot

isNegativeZero

log2

log10

log1p

logSumLogs

logDiffLogs

round

safeLog

sign

sign

sign

sinh

trunc

tanh